A baby in his car seat. A man in bed. A girl walking with her mother: Stray bullets killed each of them days apart as surging gun violence ripples through the US.

In addition to the people killed in suicides or the homicides hitting record levels in some US cities, an untallied number of other victims are struck by bullets that weren’t meant for them. The deaths can spark fleeting spurts of media and police attention – similar to the nation’s recurrent horror over mass shootings – only for the focus to ebb until the next tragedy occurs.

“It happens so regularly,” said Chris Herrmann, a gun violence expert at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. “If this happened in a foreign country, it would be headline news.”

The southern US city of Atlanta was the scene of two cases this month.

A 31-year-old British astrophysicist named Matthew Willson was in bed on January 16 when he awoke to sounds of gunfire outside his girlfriend’s apartment – and was fatally shot moments later.

“It’s impossible to comprehend how it is even true,” his sister Kate Willson told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution newspaper.

About a week later Kerri Gray was driving with her six-month-old son Grayson Fleming-Gray when she heard a noise and two cars raced past.

“There was no shattered glass, there was no crying. It was instant,” she told reporters after her child’s killing.

Days earlier, eight-year-old Melissa Ortega was walking down a Chicago sidewalk on the afternoon of January 22 when one man tried to shoot another, but killed her instead.

“He took away my purpose for being. The reason I got up every day. He took away a life full of dreams,” the girl’s mother Araceli Leanos told Univision TV in Spanish.

The FBI and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do not track stray bullet deaths in the US, where some 40,000 people die annually due to guns, a majority of which are suicides.

US law enforcement statistics differentiate between accidental and intentional slayings, but not the exact circumstances.

Herrmann, the gun violence expert, estimated stray bullet killings were one to two percent of the total of firearms deaths – and increased or decreased along with the total number of shootings.

“When there was a 10 per cent increase in shootings, one would see a 10 per cent increase in unintended targets,” he added, lamenting the official terminology “targets” as de-humanising.

America’s gun violence problem has surged since the pandemic and racial justice protests in 2020 – and toward the end of 2021 major cities like Philadelphia, Austin, Columbus and Indianapolis reported annual record-breaking numbers of homicides.

Though the national level of killings were still below the spikes of the 1980s and 1990s, they increased in 2020 at a rate not seen since national records began in 1960.

At the same time, firearms sales set a record in 2020 with nearly 23 million sold followed by nearly 20 million sales in 2021, according to the Small Arms Analytics & Forecasting consultancy.

Millions of those weapons went to first-time owners, who experts worry could lack safety training.